The treatment modalities depend upon the underlying disease and extent of impairment. Treatment of male infertility nonsurgical treatments pyospermia. Infertility affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples. Major causes of infertility chart babycenter canada. Prof david l healy, department of obstetrics and gynaecology, monash university, level 5, monash medical centre, 246 clayton road, clayton, victoria 3168, australia a.
As many as 2% of all men will exhibit suboptimal sperm parameters. Diagnosis the diagnosis of male fertility must focus on a number of prevalent disorders table 1. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. See approach to the male with infertility and treatments for male infertility and unexplained infertility. The extra heat caused by the vein can lead to low sperm count and impaired sperm movement.
Part 2 will cover medical and surgical treatments for male infertility. The biggest preventable danger to male fertility is due to uncontrolled sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia which can cause irreparable damage to the reproductive tract. Iui treatment, where the sperm is transferred into the uterus via the cervix, is commonly used in cases of low sperm count or quality. Causes, treatment and impairment of fertility in selected districts with high prevalence article pdf available september 2017 with 3,703 reads how we measure reads. A careful history and physical examination of each partner can. Unfortunately, about 25% of patients are idiopathic, and nonspecific treatments generally yield unacceptably low conception rates. Literature shows that vaginismus and dyspareunia are more common in 2024 years aged females 7. These factors can temporarily or permanently affect sperm and prevent conception. Male infertility can be caused by various factors such as hormone disorders, illness, injury to reproductive anatomy, obstruction or sexual dysfunction. Racgp male infertility the other side of the equation. Jan 04, 2018 infertility or a couple being unable to conceive a child can cause significant stress and unhappiness. Recent advances in male infertility linkedin slideshare. Methods references used in this text are graded according to their level of evidence le and guidelines are given a grade of recommendation gr. Creating a family shows on male infertility, image credit.
A large number of couples all over the world including india are infertile. Infertility is one of the most serious social problems facing advanced nations. To examine the potential effects of lifestyle factors on male reproductive health. The most common genetic causes of infertility are chromosomal conditions that affect the way that sperm is produced. Treatment of male infertility nonsurgical treatments. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 886k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The causes of infertility may be physical, congenital, disease, drug, immunological or even psychological. In general, approximate half of all cases of infertility are caused by factors related to the male partner.
If a specific reason for infertility is discovered, it sometimes is possible to treat. If a specific treatment is not available or the origin of the male factor infertility is not correctable, other options such as assisted reproductive techniques art may exist. Download male infertility understanding causes and treatment or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Once all infertility causes are determined, appropriate treatments follow. Sexually transmitted disease std, gen etic, d iabetes, pituitary factors, and toxins also play and. Male infertility plays a role in about half these cases. Jan 20, 2018 male factor infertility is involved in approximately 50% of infertile couples.
If infertility is linked to hormonal imbalances, your doctor will prescribe hormonal medications or suggest hormone replacement therapies to improve fertility. Major causes of infertility include male factors, ovarian dysfunction, tubal disease, endometriosis, and uterine or cervical factors. Treatment may be specific for physical or endocrine deficits, but is often empirical. Male infertility may be related to deficiencies in spermatogenesis or sperm transport. Your doctor might recommend hormone replacement or medications in cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones. For example, when a patient has a partner with abnormal sperm production or function, the problem is male factor infertility. However, in about 35% of couples with infertility, a male factor is identified along with a female factor. They also are options if the cause is known but other treatments have been unsuccessful. Aug 01, 2018 iui and art may be the best treatment when the cause of a mans infertility is unknown. Pdf male infertility and its causes in human researchgate. If the number of sperm you ejaculate is low, or if the sperm are of a poor quality, it will be difficult, and in some cases impossible, to get pregnant if youve been trying to get pregnant without success for a period of 12 months, and youve been having sex at least twice a week, its worth visiting. Cause of male infertility possible causes and risk factors for male infertility.
Almost 9% of men aged 25 to 44 years in the united states reported that they or their partner saw a doctor for advice, testing, or treatment for. Male infertility is a book written by a clinician for clinicians, most frequently. The male infertility guidelines panel consists of urologists, endocrinologists and gynaecologists with special training in andrology and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. There are both known and unknown causes of male infertility, with idiopathic causes accounting for approximately 30 50% of all the cases of male infertility 2,3,5. Both males and females are equally responsible for the causes. Causes of infertility include male factors, ovulatory dysfunction, uterine abnormalities, tubal obstruction, peritoneal factors, or cervical factors. Organization who, infertility is a disease of reproductive. There are a number of causes for male infertility, but they all affect quantity and or quality of sperm. Male factor infertility derives from three types of causes. To date, various treatments have been developed for male infertility and are steadily producing results.
Infertility is the inability to produce children for a couple in spite of unprotected sexual cohabitation within one year or more. Since infertility is also of great interest to the general public, the book also includes a detailed description of what infertility is and how one can understand the different types. Male infertility diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Male infertility understanding causes and treatment. Evidences, risk factors, causes, diagnosis and management in. The male infertility guidelines panel consists of urologists, endocrinologists and. Click download or read online button to get male infertility understanding causes and treatment book now. Male infertility 177 that appropriate treatment can be given. However, there is no effective treatment for patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, in which there. A range of external causes, such as psychoactive substances alcohol, tobacco, drugs, some meds, bad ecology radiation, pesticides, cvitamin deficiency, zinc deficiency and even careless body treatment tight clothes, frequent sauna visits, excessive workout, and others the basic diagnostics method is spermogram. Retrograde ejaculate semen is ejaculated backwards, into the bladder. Male infertility can be classified into three major groups. The topics discussed range from understanding the genetic basis of infertility, to its causes and treatment. Videos on the causes and treatment of male infertility.
A groundbreaking contribution to the literature, male infertility. Most of the infertile couples have one of these three major causes including a male factor, ovulatory dysfunction, or tubalperitoneal disease 5. World health organization guidelines suggest that the. To continue reading this article, you must log in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription.
Evaluation of male infertility is important to identify a cause and. This stateoftheart, evidencebased resource incorporates new multidisciplinary and. Infertility or a couple being unable to conceive a child can cause significant stress and unhappiness. Male infertility refers to a males inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. Idiopathic male infertility is also known as idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia ioat, which indicates that the patient has unexplained abnor. When the problem lies with the male partner it is referred to as male infertility. In about 8% of couples with infertility, a male factor is the only identifiable cause. Many more creating a family radio interviews with experts, videos, blogs, fact sheets, and q and as with experts on male infertility can be found at the icons below. The evaluation and treatment of male infertility and issues related to unexplained infertility are discussed separately.
In some cases, however, an underlying problem such as an inherited disorder, a hormonal imbalance, dilated veins around the testicle or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm causes signs and symptoms. The most common cause of male infertility is varicoceles. The causes of male infertility can be divided into four main areas. A variety of treatment options are available and include hormonal therapy, surgery to correct blocked tubes, and treatment of infections or underlying medical conditions. Infertile couples should have parallel assessments and evaluations for infertility. The problem may be a result of low or poor quality sperm production, blockages in the urinary tract that prevent the passage of sperm, and a range of chronic conditions, illnesses, infections, injuries, and environmental and lifestyle factors. May 20, 2019 treatment for male infertility depends on the cause. Male causative factors account for 50% of infertility. However, you can prevent some causes of male infertility. Some changes to chromosomes or gene mutations can cause infertility because they harm sperm production or block the flow of sperm. There are numerous reasons for both male and female infertility but many ways in which. The male factor contributes to infertility around half the time, and about one third of the time, its the main cause of infertility.
The sperms exit route is blocked from birth, by scarring from infection, past vasectomy, etc. Male infertility the other side of the equation racgp. Diagnostic tools include medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, blood analysis to rule out hormonal imbalances or genetic issues. An infertility diagnosis is given to a couple who are unable to conceive over the course of one year. The term used to describe couples who have both male and female infertility problems, or when one partner has more than one fertility problem. Jun 20, 2012 a number of medications have been identified as causes of male infertility including chemotherapy, antihypertensives, hormones, psychotropics, antidepressants, and antibiotics table 1. Male infertility about annals of clinical and laboratory research. Simultaneous assessment of the female partner is preferable, even if abnormalities are found in the male, since who data show that both male and.
In 30% of the cases, an abnormality is discovered solely in the man. Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. Evaluation of male infertility is important to identify a cause and provide. Who laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and. Feb 11, 2015 the causes of infertility are commonly referred to as factors. As a male, your fertility generally depends on the quantity and quality of your sperm. Infertility is typically defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of regular, unprotected sex. A varicocele is a varicose vein found in the scrotum. Andersen md c a department of obstetrics and gynaecology, monash university, melbourne, australia b. Improvement will occur as more becomes known, through animal research and clinical application, about the physiology of spermatogenesis and the. Some pesticides, herbicides, metals, such as lead, and solvents have been linked to fertility problems in both men and women. Once the both the man and woman are checked, and male infertility is confirmed the treatment process begins. Endocrine and systemic disorders usually related to secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 to 5 percent. Pdf the etiology and psychosocial burden of infertility amongst couples especially.
The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. The most common causes of male infertility were varicocele 14. Evidence of a global decline in human sperm quality over recent decades has been accumulating. This book covers the latest research on male infertility. Evaluation of male infertility is important to identify a cause and provide treatment if the etiology is correctable. Accurate diagnosis can be achieved only by a careful evaluation including precise semen analyses and, where indicated, gonadotropin and other assays. Treatment for male infertility depends on the cause. Testicular deficiency as a consequence of primary spermatogenic failure is caused by conditions other than hypothalamicpituitary disease and obstruction of the. Some of the treatment options include hormonal treatments. Iui involves taking a sperm sample and preparing it in a special way outside your body. Male infertility wiley online books wiley online library. Treatment can be more specific if a definite cause is found. Sep 25, 2019 in cases where the above treatments are unsuccessful, or when the cause of male infertility is unknown or untreatable, iui treatment or ivf treatment may be suggested.
400 1142 387 85 901 1477 992 27 502 1582 1189 1209 408 40 713 610 1084 757 361 1047 471 391 727 1348 771 69 564 109 534 93 1522 303 72 35 940 1480 59 708 1483 1042 887 379 397 411 817